Happer: Why Earth's Temperature Won't Rise Even if CO2 Doubles or Triples

From “How to Think About Climate Change” from Watts Up With That

Here’s a few figures to remind us of the very large scale circulation of both air and ocean water that result in an earth’s temperature equilibrium (not showing seasonal changes). And none of these figures shows all of the effects of “weather,”, ie., more localized and transient thunderstorms, fronts and cyclones that hoover-up heat at the surface and shunt it to the upper atmosphere. “Weather” protects us enormously. But I don’t believe anyone can model it!

Fig 1. Large Scale Atmospheric Heat Circulation: A Model of Atmospheric Redistribution of Heat Across the Earth—From the Equator to the Poles (Click to Enlarge)

 

Fig 2. Ocean Current’s Large Scale Heat Transport: A schematic of How Ocean Currents Distributes Heat Across the World (Click to Enlarge)

The Earth’s Daily Energy Balance

The graphic below, Fig 3, shows a heat balance of incoming radiation (heat) in YELLOW from the sun versus the Earth’s heat losses through radiation of heat back into space (RED). You can add up the balance on a daily basis: what comes in is also re-transmitted out.

Only about 51% of the sun’s incoming radiation from the sun makes it to where people live; ie., on the surface of the planet. Much of it is absorbed by the atmosphere itself and re-radiated back into space.

Then, at night, lower frequency radiation sends all of the day’s gain in energy back into space. Water vapor, Ozone and trace carbon dioxide are the main greenhouse gases retaining (blocking) some of the re-radiated heat. It’s these gases that work to keep the Earth from cooling TOO MUCH at night—giving us a nice climate equilibrium. Without the greenhouse gases the Earth would literally be in a permanent ice age, a glaciated snowball.

We’ll show at the end, that the absorption by earth’s current CO2, Water vapor, Ozone levels are blocking re-radiation of heat energy are already “maxxed-out”at current levels so that the heat retention at night is also “maxxed-out”— more CO2 in the atmosphere WOULD NOT warm the Earth (more on that below). 

Fig 3. Earth’s Daily Energy Balance (click to enlarge)

 Atmospheric Components That Block Both Incoming and Outgoing Radiation

Now we get to the complicated part of radiation and re-radiation as shown in the chart below (Fig 4). The incoming sun’s heat is shown below in RED—mostly visible (sun)light. Only about 51% of the sun’s energy reaches where we live (from above). The BLUE Area is lower frequency/energy radiation to outer space (much of it at night).

The frames below the colored incoming and outgoing energy show the “absorption” by the various greenhouse components in the Earth’s atmosphere and their effects are combined in the “Total Absorption and Scattering” frame. You can see that water vapor in air is doing the most to interrupt incoming AND outgoing heat. Water vapor is the biggest greenhouse gas. But water vapor, nitrogen, argon, CO2 and oxygen ozone are blocking some incoming radiation and re-radiation at night.

Water vapor, Ozone/O2 and CO2 helps prevent TOO MUCH heat escaping at night—keeping us in a nearly perfect daily temperature range. But it’s water vapor that does the most. CO2 plays a much smaller role.

Think of desert climates that are very dry (much less water vapor). At night, those places can get very, very cold AND very hot in the day. It shows how air’s water vapor mostly stabilizes our environment’s temperature. Carbon dioxide does some too, but it’s a smaller effect.

Figure 4 Incoming/Outgoing Radiation frequencies and the components in our atmosphere which absorb and block them. “The frame “Total Absorption and Scattering” is the sum of all blocking effects of the bottom 5 panels

Carbon dioxide mostly affects the night-time re-radiation and only marginally adds to the effect of water vapor in retaining heat at night. 

There’s a lot of blocking of radiation in total. The amount that makes it through FROM the sun is the RED area at the Left of the 1st Frame. The amount of energy re-radiated to space at night is the BLUE area at about 11 micro-meter frequency.

It’s mostly Water Vapor, Oxygen/Ozone and some CO2 that mostly blocks the re-radiation of the day’s solar energy gain and prevents Earth’s temperature from plunging at night (like a desert). Without this effect, the Earth would be much colder!

Without ANY Greenhouse Gases, the Earth Would be 50 deg F Colder!

Refer to to Figure 5 below. It’s same “blocking effects” of all the greenhouse gases shown in Figure 4.

The real “curve” is best described instead by a jagged black line. It’s significantly different than the smooth, theoretical modeling in blue.

The first big radiation block is caused by CO2 absorbing the re-radiation that would otherwise cool the Earth (Area = 307 Watts/m2) at night (at about 700 on Fig 5).

The green line shows the isolated effect of ZERO CO2 (0 ppm) in re-radiation. Much more heat would leave the Earth especially at night at 0 ppm CO2. This would induce seriously colder conditions on the planet—nearly 50 deg F colder!

The second big radiation block is absorption due to Ozone or O3/ (Area = 277 Watts/m2)—another greenhouse gas (at about 1100 on Fig 5).

The important point here is the red line (versus the actual black jagged line) at 700 units. This is what Earth would radiate to space if you were to double our CO2 concentration from today’s value of 400 ppm to 800 ppm.

If you double the amount of CO2, you just go from the black curve to the red curve, and you can barely see a difference. The re-radiation at night hardly changes. The Earth’s equilibrium temperature barely changes!

Fig. 5 Theoretical blocking effect of the 5 Greenhouse Gases (smooth blue line) versus the acutal “Blocking effect” of each greenhouse gas. Without Greenhouse Gases, the Earth would be 44 deg COLDER.

The important point here is the red line. If you double the amount of CO2 to 800 ppm, you don’t change much of CO2 blocking. It’s already “maxxed-out” and you can barely see a difference.

Happer must be correct as the rise in Earth’s temperatures is much lower than expected by many “scientists”. Check out the graph below showing the climate of the Earth is barely changing (compared to theoretical models):

 

Democrats MUST Cheat to Win; And They Cheat Like Hell

 

No Dominion/Smartmatic “obfuscating” (cheating) machines allowed. They all must be destroyed. Simple optical counters permanent! Paper ballots scanned by simple optical counters!

One day voting in person, Same evening results. Period.

Deploy State National guard in the black ghetto cities of Detroit, Milwaukee, Philadelphia, Atlanta vote counting centers because:

Democrats Were the Evil Architects of the Election Steal in 2020; Blacks Were the ‘Muscle’

A post from 2021 that didn’t get much visibility at Google blogger. Consider this a “catch-up” post. It’ll happen again if vote counting centers remain all-black again.

Democrats Are the Evil Architects of the Election Steal; Blacks Were the ‘Muscle’ IN DETROIT

From “The Election Fraud in Detroit: They Did Not Want Us to See What’s Happening” from The Federalist :

“When I was in the room it was very clear that we were outnumbered, I would say three to one,” Nesbitt said. Republican and Democrat poll challengers have different types of credentials, making it easy to tell how many Democratic challengers there were compared to Republican. Nesbitt estimates there were about 1,200 people in the hall but only about fifty or sixty GOP poll challengers—not enough to cover all of the tables where ballots were being counted.

Even so, when these Republican poll challengers came into the hall, the ballot-counting stopped. “It wasn’t too long after I got into the room that it became very apparent that there was no rush to be counting anything,” Nesbitt said. “For about four hours, over ninety percent of the counting boards had no activity.”

Asked why they stopped, Nesbitt replied, “I believe that they were trying to wait for us to leave, because we had an influx of volunteers who came into the room following the union members.”

“The ballot-counters were also not allowing Republican poll challengers to observe the ballot supplication process. But whenever Republican observers were present, said Nesbitt, “They would position their bodies in the way, and other election, workers at that counting board would position their bodies in the way, to prohibit us from being able to witness what was happening. If a GOP observer raised a concern about this, they were kicked out.

Soon after the Associated Press called the state of Michigan for Joe Biden, a chaotic scene erupted inside the Detroit convention center.

Police barred Republicans and Democratic poll challengers from entering a room where Detroit ballots were being counted. A group identified as Republicans chanted “stop the count” as they were met by police, who shielded the doors of the city’s TCF Center.”

Black People Barred White Republicans from Entering Vote Counting Room

“Despite that Detroit is a majority Black city, videos from the scene show the protesters were white. For Woods, the altercation “said a lot” about the state of the country.

Election workers stayed in the room all night and counted ballots while the white people outside banged on the windows and yelled at them, she says. And the protesters were “irate” as they yelled at Woods when she came out to talk to them, she says.”

Not only did black thugs chase away white Republican election observers but they badly outnumbered White Republicans. AND all these blacks were deeply committed to defrauding the vote count.

Black People Barred Mostly White Republicans from Entering Vote Counting Room

Democrats Are the Evil Architects of the Election Steal; Blacks Were the ‘Muscle’ In ATLANTA

From Gatewaypundit Election Worker Ralph Jones Is Now Second Worker Caught Double-Counting Ballots at the State Farm Center

“A new report confirms Fulton County election worker Ruby Freeman was not the only leftist operative double counting stacks of ballots in Atlanta on election night. Top Atlanta election official Ralph Jones was also double scanning ballots late at night at the State Farm Center in Atlanta, Georgia on election night.”

Cheaters Ruby, Shaye and Ralph at the State Farm Center Atlanta

Note the predominance of black “vote counters (ie., defrauders)” in the counting rooms in all the key cities in all of key swing states in Milwaukee, Philadelphia, Detroit and Atlanta. Not only did black thugs chase away election observers but they were deeply committed to defrauding the vote count.

Wonderful, trustworthy people, aren’t they??

Again from Gatewaypundit: “Ralph Jones was the person who sent home all of the election observers. Then his crew, including Ruby and daughter Shaye, went to work on election night!

Just the News released an explosive report on Thursday night exposing massive fraud in the Fulton County Georgia 2020 presidential election:

“A handpicked contractor in the State Farm Arena, Carter Jones from Seven Hill Strategies, wrote a 29-page memo back in November outlining the “massive” election integrity failures and mismanagement that he witnessed in the Atlanta-area’s election centers.”

“In the 29-page report Carter Jones tells of two more instances where the election officials were double-scanning votes late at night after the election observers and news media was sent home!

Just before 11:30 p.m., Jones notes “confusion about whether or not they’re still scanning at State Farm bc there were reports that the staff there told the rest of the staff and press to leave, but I am still getting number reports.” Jones later arrives at State Farm Arena just before midnight and finds “staff are still scanning on all five scanners.”

About twenty minutes later, Jones observes: “Order is starting to break down[.] Ralph newly re-scanned some ballots that had already been processed by Shaye.”

That was not the only instance in which Jones claims to have witnessed potential double-scanning of ballots. Observing counting on the second day after the election, Jones wrote of a machine that had “shut down because it was causing more problems than it was solving.”

“Double-feeding and cutting through both the envelope and the ballot, which leads to even more duplicates,” he said.”

“Then, to establish the steal, the counting center told the Republicans to go home at 10:30. They concocted the bullshit water leak story. David Shafer, Chairman of the Georgia Republican Party, said in 2 tweets:

Fulton County elections officials told the media and our observers that they were shutting down the tabulation center at State Farm Arena at 10:30 p.m. on election night only to continue counting ballots in secret until 1:00 a.m.

No one disputes that Fulton County elections officials falsely announced that the counting of ballots would stop at 10:30 p.m. No one disputes that Fulton County elected officials unlawfully resumed the counting of ballots after our observers left the center.”

The Gateway Pundit was first to report that Ruby Freeman was also seen double scanning stacks of ballots at the State Farm Center in Atlanta, Georgia after observers were sent home on election night.

Remember the vote count was halted in five key swing states at the same time. Election workers were told to go home in Atlanta due to a PHONY LIE that there was a water leak. That was total bullshit.

Everything is a phony lie in this Country.

They Shit on the Streets in Somalia and Many Other Countries

 The following images literally show shithole countries

 

 

The Top 24 “Shittiest” Countries