From Raymond Ibraham and Open Doors
In 2022, 5,621 Christian around the world were “killed for faith related reasons.” Another 4,542 Christians were illegally detained or arrested, and 2,110 churches were attacked, many destroyed. Over all, the
global persecution of Christians remains higher than ever, with 360
million believers suffering high levels of discrimination and violence.
These are among some of the findings of the World Watch List-2023,
which was recently published by the international humanitarian
organization, Open Doors. Each year the report ranks the top 50 nations
where Christians are most persecuted for their faith by using data from
approximately 4,000 field workers and external experts to quantify and
analyze persecution worldwide.
Crunching some numbers, the report finds
that, on average, one in seven Christians (14%) are persecuted around
the world. In Africa, that number grows to one in five (20%), while in
Asia it is as much as two in five—meaning a whopping 40% of all
Christians are persecuted there.
Christians suffer “extreme
levels of persecution” in the top 11 of the 50 nations. This ranges
from being assaulted, raped, imprisoned or slaughtered on being
identified as a Christian or attending (usually underground) churches.
Those
nations and their respective rankings are: 1) North Korea, 2)
Somalia, 3) Yemen, 4) Eritrea, 5) Libya, 6) Nigeria, 7) Pakistan, 8)
Iran, 9) Afghanistan, 10) Sudan, 11) India.
Coming in at #1, the absolute worst nation is North Korea, “with the highest levels of persecution ever seen,” says the report:
If
discovered by the authorities, believers are either sent to labour
camps as political prisoners where the conditions are atrocious, or
killed on the spot—and their families will share their fate as well.
Christians have absolutely no freedom…. A new ‘anti-reactionary thought
law’ makes it amply clear that being a Christian or possessing a Bible
is a serious crime and will be severely punished.
Most
of the “extreme persecution” meted out to Christians in nine of the top
11 worst nations continues, however, to come either from Islamic
oppression, or takes place in Muslim-majority nations. This means that
approximately 80% of the absolute worst persecution around the globe
takes place in the name of Islam.
This trend affects the
entire list, not just the top 11: the persecution that Christians
experience in 39 of the 50 nations also comes either from Islamic
oppression or occurs in Muslim majority nations. The overwhelming
majority of these nations are governed by some form of shari‘a
(Islamic law). It can either be directly enforced by government or
society or, more frequently, both, although societies—family members
outraged in particular by relatives who have converted—tend to be more
zealous in its application.
Moreover, though the
persecution in North Korea is worse, there is, at least, a light at the
end of the tunnel for Christians in that nation, as their ill treatment
is entirely connected to the regime of Kim Jong-un. Once he is gone,
North Korea may well become like South Korea, where Christianity is
flourishing. On the other hand, the Muslim persecution of Christians is
perennial, existential, and far transcends this or that regime or
ruler. It is part of the history, doctrines, and socio-political makeup
of Islam—hence its tenacity and ubiquity.
In the worst of the
Muslim nations, Christianity has been so stamped out over the years that
there are no indigenous Christians to persecute, only
converts—apostates, which, according to most interpretations of Islamic
law, deserve death.
In Somalia
(#2), for example, “Imams in mosques and madrassas state publicly that
there is no room for Christianity, Christians or churches. The violent
insurgent group al-Shabaab has repeatedly expressed its desire to
eradicate Christians from the country. Christians from Muslim
backgrounds are regarded as high-value targets and may be killed on the
spot if discovered.”
Similarly, in Yemen (#3), “The population is overwhelmingly Muslim and it is illegal to convert from Islam to Christianity”:
Yemeni
Christian converts are at great risk of being killed, not just
ostracised or expelled, by their families, clans and tribes. Islamic
extremist groups such as al-Qaeda and so-called Islamic State threaten
so-called ‘apostates’ with death if they do not return to Islam. In
other areas, including those controlled by Houthis, converts risk
imprisonment. In detention centres, Christian detainees have reportedly
suffered physical and mental torture.
In most Muslim
nations on the list, one or all of three segments of society—Muslim
authorities, Muslim mobs, or Muslim terrorists—persecute Christians to
varying degrees.
In Libya (#5), jihadists are chiefly responsible. The North African nation is
a
lawless land where both native Christians and those passing through
from other countries face extreme violence. With no central government
to maintain law and order, militant Islamic extremist groups and
organised crime groups both wield power. They target and kidnap
Christians, and some believers have been killed.
On the other hand, in Iran (#8), which is “ruled by an increasingly strict Islamic regime,” the authorities are chiefly responsible:
Iranian
house church leaders and members have received long prison sentences
involving physical and mental abuse. Iranian Christians may be banned
from education, lose their jobs and find it very difficult to get back
into employment. For women, the situation is even more precarious
because Iranian law grants women few rights. For trusting in Jesus, they
are likely to be violently punished or divorced by their husbands and
have their children taken away from them, if their faith is discovered.
In Afghanistan (#9), Islamic terrorists—who also happen to be the authorities—are chiefly responsible:
The
Taliban’s takeover of power in August 2021 has forced most Christians
either further underground or away from the country entirely. Many (if
not all) house groups closed, with believers forced to leave behind
everything they own. More than a year after the Taliban’s takeover, any
promises they made about recognising freedoms have proved to be false.
Following Jesus remains a death sentence, if discovered.
In Pakistan (#7), every rung of society is responsible for the persecution:
Christians
in Pakistan are considered second-class citizens and face
discrimination in every aspect of life. Jobs that are seen as low, dirty
and degrading are reserved for Christians by the authorities, who
continue to push them to the margins of society. They lack proper
representation in politics … [and] there are almost constant attacks
against individuals. Many do not feel safe to worship freely…. [R]oughly
a quarter of all blasphemy accusations target Christians, who only make
up 1.8% of the population. The number of blasphemy cases is increasing,
as is the number of Christian (and other minority religion) girls being
abducted, abused and forcibly converted to Islam.
Similarly, in Egypt (#35), which is “very high” in persecution, Christians “report that freedom of religion violations are mostly experienced in the community”:
Incidents
vary from Christian women being harassed while walking in the street,
to a mob of angry Muslims forcing a whole community of Christians to
move out, leaving their houses and belongings to be confiscated….
President al-Sisi regularly speaks positively about Egypt’s Christian
community. However, the lack of serious law enforcement and the
unwillingness of local authorities to protect Christians leave them
vulnerable to all kinds of attacks, especially in Upper Egypt. Communal
hostility and mob violence, in particular, continue to cause
difficulties.
Among some of the notable trends, the report asserts
that Christians in the Middle East have experienced little if any
improvement since the disempowerment of the Islamic State (ISIS):
The
church [in the Middle East] has not been able to recover after the
upsurge of Islamic State and the attempts of extremists to wipe out
Christianity entirely. Discrimination and oppression coupled with
crippling economic decline means the church is losing hope, particularly
for young people. In the Levant region of the Middle East (Lebanon,
Syria, Iraq, Israel/Palestinian Territories and Jordan), the Christian
community is shrinking due to deprivation, discrimination and
persecution. Ever since the Islamic State group (IS) arrived on the
scene, Christians in those areas of Iraq and Syria have been struggling
to earn a living; young Christians in particular face high unemployment
and continual hostility…
In Sub-Saharan Africa, “Violence against Christians … has reached new heights”:
Jihadists
are destabilizing countries in West and Central Africa. Entire
countries are at risk of collapse into extremist violence. 26 countries
in Sub-Saharan Africa face high levels of persecution…. The jihadist
movement, which seeks to expand Sharia across the continent, has forced
Christians into constant motion, from their homes to displacement camps,
or to other countries. The insecurity stemming from this experience of
forced displacement makes Christians even more vulnerable to further
violence. Christian women, in particular, can be easily targeted for
sexual attack, while men are more likely to lose their lives.
In the worst of these Sub-Saharan nations, Nigeria (#6), where “an ingrained agenda of enforced Islamisation” exists, Christians are experiencing a genocide:
The
violence is most pervasive in the north, where [Muslim] militant groups
such as Boko Haram, ISWAP and Fulani militants inflict murder, physical
injury, abduction and sexual violence on their victims. Christians are
dispossessed of their land and their means of livelihood. Many live as
internally displaced people or refugees. In the Sharia states of
northern Nigeria, Christians face discrimination and exclusion as
second-class citizens. Christians from a Muslim background also face
rejection from their own families, pressure to give up Christianity, and
often physical violence.
Although Islam
continues to have the lions’ share of persecution, the rise of religious
nationalism in non-Muslim nations—such as Myanmar
(#14)—has also caused a number of nations normally unassociated with
persecution to rise in the ranks. Most notable among these is the
second most populous nation in the world, India (#11):
In
recent years there has been a big increase in Hindutva, an ideology
that believes only Hindus are true Indians…. Increasing numbers of
[Indian] states are implementing anti-conversion laws, supposedly to
stop Hindus being forcibly converted to other religions, but in reality
they are often used as an excuse to harass and intimidate Christians who
are just doing things like distributing aid or having a private church
meeting. These laws do not seem to protect Christians from being coerced
back into Hinduism. Christians increasingly experience social
exclusion in their communities, discrimination in the workplace, and
have false accusations and rumours spread about them.
As for the world’s most populous nation, China’s
(#16) “use of digital surveillance technology is spreading, adding to
persecution and intimidation. As digital tools became more
sophisticated, so did the Chinese government. Beijing employed
censorship, disinformation and unblinking surveillance to ratchet up
control of religious groups.”
Rather ominously, the report further notes that
China’s
model of oppression is spreading …. The apparent success of China,
especially in economic terms, is appealing to many leaders around the
world. The promise of growth and prosperity, while being able to control
all groups and individuals perceived as deviant, has triggered the
interest of leaders from all over the world, no matter their ideological
background.
Perhaps the most disturbing trend is that, since the inception of the WWL, the persecution of Christians has nearly doubled:
Since
1993, the World Watch List has revealed the scale and severity of the
persecution of Christians. In the last 30 years, the number of countries
where Christians suffer high and extreme levels of persecution has
almost doubled to 76 countries. Today, more than 360m Christians suffer
high levels of persecution and discrimination for their faith. In Open
Doors’ World Watch List top 50 alone, 312m Christians face very high or
extreme levels.
Last year, 360 million Christians around the world also experienced “high levels of persecution and discrimination.” That number represented a 6% increase from 2021, when 340 million Christians experienced the same degree of persecution; and that number represented a 31 % increase from 2020, when 260 million Christians experienced the same level of persecution; and that number represented a 6% increase from 2019, when 245 million experienced the same level of persecution; and that number represented a 14% increase from 2018, when 215 million was the number.
In
short, the persecution of Christians, which was already horrific, has
already increased by nearly 70% over the last six years, with no signs
of abating. For the first time since the inception of the WWL thirty years ago, Nicaragua (#50) has now made the list.
How
long before this seemingly irreversible trend metastasizes into even
those nations currently celebrated for their religious freedom?